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- $Unique_ID{BRK03934}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Leukemia, Hairy Cell}
- $Subject{Leukemia Hairy Cell Leukemic Reticuloendotheliosis Leukemias
- Letterer-Siwe Disease }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 National Organization
- for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 269:
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Hairy Cell Leukemia) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Leukemic Reticuloendotheliosis
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Leukemias
- Letterer-Siwe Disease
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Hairy Cell Leukemia is a type of blood cancer characterized by the
- presence of abnormal mononuclear blood cells called "hairy cells", and by a
- deficiency of other blood cell elements (pancytopenia).
-
- Symptoms
-
- Onset of Hairy Cell Leukemia is usually gradual. Symptoms include vague
- abdominal pain, a feeling of abdominal fullness, malaise, fatigue, weakness,
- weight loss and easy bruising. A heavy infiltration of red pulp and sinuses
- of the spleen by hairy cells occurs. Similar hairy cells infiltrate bone
- marrow, lymph nodes and liver.
-
- The disorder may be chronic. If the spleen is removed (splenectomy) a
- long survival rate is common. In some cases the onset of Hairy Cell Leukemia
- may be acute. In these cases the prognosis may not be as good as with the
- chronic type.
-
- Causes
-
- The cause of Hairy Cell Leukemia is unknown.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Hairy Cell Leukemia affects about 6,000 persons in the United States. Most
- of the patients are males of fifty years old or older.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Leukemias are the generalized cancerous (neoplastic) disorders of the blood
- forming tissues, such as bone marrow. They primarily affect tissues forming
- the white blood cells (leukocytes). There are many different types of
- Leukemias.
-
- Letterer-Siwe disease (Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease, or Systemic Aleukemic
- Reticuloendotheliosis) is an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder
- characterized by generalized enlargement of lymph nodes, liver and spleen,
- combined with a persistent, spiking, low-grade fever. Symptoms include
- pallor, discrete yellowish-brown spotty elevated (maculopapular) lesions,
- sometimes with ulceration.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Until recently, treatment of Hairy Cell leukemia consisted of surgically
- removing the spleen. The drug methotrexate (with leucovorin as an antidote
- against its toxic effects) was commonly used to treat this disorder.
- Glucocorticoids (i.e., for vasculitic symptoms), and alkylating agents are
- other commonly used drugs.
-
- The orphan drug Alpha Interferon has been approved by the FDA for use in
- treatment of Hairy Cell Leukemia. The drug is manufactured by Hoffman-
- LaRoche and Schering Plough. Interferon is a hormone naturally produced by
- the body to fight viral infections. Clinical trials conducted prior to FDA
- approval indicate that two years after treatment with Alpha Interferon was
- begun, 92%-94% of treated patients were alive, compared to fewer than 50% of
- patients treated with conventional therapies. The disease went into
- remission in 75% to 90% of patients treated with Alpha Interferon.
-
- Treatment with Alpha Interferon may include daily injections for up to 6
- months, followed by maintenance injections 3 times weekly. Side effects
- mimic flu-like symptoms which diminish over time.
-
- The orphan drug Nipent has been approved by the FDA for patients who do
- not respond to ordinary therapy for Hairy Cell Leukemia. The drug is
- manufactured by Warner-Lambert.
-
- The drug Leustatin (cladribine or 2CDA) has been approved for treatment
- of HCL. This drug has proved to be an effective drug in the therapy of Hairy
- Cell Leukemia.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Interleukin-2 has been used on an experimental basis to restore natural
- killer cell activity in Hairy Cell Leukemia.
-
- The drug deoxycoformycin is being used in clinical trials on patients
- with Hairy Cell Leukemia. Information about obtaining this drug can be
- located through the Comprehensive Cancer Center (Dr. Eric Kraut), Ohio State
- University, Columbus, Ohio, or the Investigational Drug Branch of the
- National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- March 1993. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Hairy-Cell Leukemia, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Hairy Cell Leukemia Foundation
- P.O. Box 72
- Newtonville, MA 02160
- (617)-244-8478
-
- Leukemia Society of America
- 733 Third Avenue
- New York, NY 10017
- (212) 573-8484
-
- American Cancer Society
- 1599 Clifton Rd., NE
- Atlanta, GA 30329
- (404) 320-3333
-
- NIH/National Cancer Institute
- 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 31, Rm. 1A2A
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- 1-800-4-CANCER
-
- The National Cancer Institute has developed PDQ (Physician Data Query), a
- computerized database designed to give the public, cancer patients and
- families, and health professionals quick and easy access to many types of
- information vital to patients with this and many other types of cancer. To
- gain access to this service, call:
-
- Cancer Information Service (CIS)
- 1-800-4-CANCER
- In Washington, DC and suburbs in Maryland and Virginia, 636-5700
- In Alaska, 1-800-638-6070
- In Oahu, Hawaii, (808) 524-1234 (Neighbor islands call collect)
-
- References
-
- Recombinant Alpha-2 Interferon in the Treatment of Hairy Cell Leukemia:
- Thompson JA et al.: Cancer Treatment Rep 69 (7-8): 791-3 (1985 Jul-Aug).
-
- Splenectomy for Hairy Cell Leukemia; A Clinical Review of 63 Patients:
- Van Norman AS et al.: Cancer 57 (3): 644-8 (1986 Feb 1).
-
- Therapeutic Options in Hairy Cell Leukemia: Groopman JE: Seminaries in
- Oncology 12 (4 Suppl 5): 30-4 (1985 Dec).
-
- LASTING REMISSIONS IN HAIRY-CELL LEUKEMIA INDUCED BY A SINGLE INFUSION OF
- 2-CHLORODEOXYADENOSINE, Piro, Lawrence, et al.; N Eng J Med, (April 19, 1990,
- issue 322 (16)). Pp. 1117-1121.
-
-